May 7, 2024
Bulshada casriga ah ee maanta, tayada hawada aynu neefsanayno waxay noqotay arrin xasaasi ah. Kuweenna ku nool magaalooyinka ama xaafadaha, magaalaynta iyo waddooyinka waaweyn ayaa qaabeeya muuqaalka waxayna la yimaadaan wasakh. Dhulka miyiga ah, tayada hawada waxaa inta badan saameeya beeralayda warshadaha iyo hawlaha macdanta. Dabka duurjoogta ah oo sii gubanaya waqti dheer iyo meelo badan, dhammaan gobollada ayaa la kulmay digniinaha tayada hawada.
Wasakhowga hawada ayaa lala xiriiriyay dhibaatooyin caafimaad oo kala duwan. Saamaynta caafimaad ee gaarka ah waxay ku xidhan tahay nooca iyo uruurinta wasakhowga hawada ku jira, laakiin Hay’adda Caafimaadka Adduunka (WHO) waxay ku qiyaastay in wasakhowga guriga iyo deegaanka ay sababto 6.7 milyan oo dhimasho degdeg ah sannad kasta.
Maqaalkan blog-ka ah, waxa aanu ku dhex dheegan doonaa saamaynta caafimaad ee wasakhowga hawada iyo qaar ka mid ah dambiilayaasha ugu caansan.
Sidee bay wasakhowga hawadu u saamaysaa caafimaadkaaga?
Tayada hawadu liidato waxay keentaa dhimasho dhicis ah iyadoo loo marayo habab kala duwan oo saameeya habdhiska neefsiga iyo xididdada dhiigga. Soo-gaadhista wasakhowga hawada waxay u horseedi kartaa labadaba xaalad degdeg ah (degdeg ah iyo mid daran, laakiin suurtogal ah waqti gaaban) iyo kuwo daba-dheeraaday (oo ay suurtogal tahay inaan la daweyn karin, xaalado caafimaad oo soo koraya muddada-dheer). Waa kuwan qaar ka mid ah siyaabaha wasakhowga hawadu u sababi karto dhimasho:
Caabuqa: Soo-gaadhista wasakhowga hawada, sida walxaha qayb ka ah (PM) iyo ozone (O3), waxay sababi karaan caabuqa hab-dhiska neefsiga iyo xididdada dhiigga, iyo sidoo kale xubnaha kale. Caabuqani wuxuu ka sii dari karaa cudurrada neef-mareenka sida cudurrada sambabada xannibaadda ee joogtada ah (COPD) iyo dhibaatooyinka wadnaha iyo xididdada kuwaas oo keena wadne-qabadyo iyo istaroog.
Shaqada sambabada oo hoos u dhacda: Soo-gaadhista dheer ee wasakhowga qaarkood, gaar ahaan walaxda qurubyada (PM2.5), waxay sababi kartaa in shaqada sambabada ay hoos u dhacdo wakhti ka dib, taasoo ka dhigaysa shakhsiyaadka inay u nugul yihiin cudurrada neef-mareenka. PM2.5 sidoo kale waxay ka gudbi kartaa xannibaadda dhiigga-maskaxda waxayna sababi kartaa dhaawac maskaxda ah
Cadaadiska dhiigga oo kordha: Wasakhowga, gaar ahaan ka dhasha wasakhowga hawada ee la xidhiidha taraafikada (TRAP) sida nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone iyo PM, ayaa lala xidhiidhiyay cadaadiska dhiigga oo kordha, taas oo khatar u ah cudurrada wadnaha iyo xididdada dhiigga.
Samaynta Atherosclerosis: Soo-gaadhista hawada wasakhaysan muddada-dheer ayaa lala xiriiriyay horumarinta atherosclerosis (adkaynta iyo cidhiidhiga halbowlayaasha), taasoo keenta cudurrada wadnaha iyo xididdada sida wadne-qabadka iyo istaroogga.
Cadaadiska Oxidative: Soo-gaadhista wasakhowga waxay sababi kartaa walbahaarka oksaydhiyaha, taasoo dhaawac u geysata unugyada iyo unugyada. Dhaawacan oksidheerka ah ayaa lala xiriiriyay horumarinta xaalado caafimaad oo kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan istaroogga iyo kansarka. Waxa kale oo ay soo dedejin kartaa habka gabowga ee jidhka
Kansarka: Dadka qaarkiis, soo-gaadhista wasakhowga hawada waxay u keeni kartaa kansarka sanbabada si la mid ah sigaarka. Wasakhowga hawada ayaa sidoo kale lala xiriiriyay kansarka naasaha
Korodhka dhimashada degdega ah ee wasakhowga hawada waxaa inta badan lala xiriiriyaa cudurro dabadheeraad ah oo ay sababaan la kulanka muddada dheer ee hawada. Si kastaba ha noqotee, xitaa soo-gaadhista muddada-gaaban waxay yeelan kartaa saameyn xun oo xooggan. Daraasad la sameeyay ayaa muujisay in dhalinyarada caafimaadka qabta ay yeeshaan garaaca wadnaha oo aan joogto ahayn saacado gudahood marka ay muddo gaaban la kulmaan wasakhowga hawada
Dhibaatooyinka caafimaad ee la xidhiidha soo-gaadhista wasakhowga hawada waxaa ka mid ah caabuqa neef-mareenka iyo xididdada dhiigga, hoos u dhaca shaqada sambabbada, cadaadiska dhiigga oo kordha, adkaanta iyo cidhiidhiga xididdada dhiigga, dhaawaca unugyada iyo unugyada, kansarka sambabada iyo kansarka naasaha.
Markaa waxaan u baahanahay inaan fiiro gaar ah u yeelano hawada, wakhtigan alaabtayadu waxay ku siin doonaan hawo nadiif ah.
TIXRAACYADA
1 Wasakhowga hawada qoyska. (2023, Diseembar 15). Hay'ada Caafimaadka Aduunka.https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/household-air-pollution-and-health.
2 Grunig G, Marsh LM, Esmaeil N, iyo al. Aragtida: wasakhowga hawada deegaanka: jawaab-celinta bararka iyo saamaynta xididdada sambabada. Pulm Circ. 2014 Mar; 4 (1): 25-35. doi:10.1086/674902.
3 Li W, Lin G, Xiao Z, iyo al. Dib-u-eegis lagu sameeyo walxaha khafiifka ah ee khafiifka ah ee la neefsan karo (PM2.5) - waxyeelo ay keento maskaxda. Hore Mol Neurosci. 2022 Seb 7;15:967174. doi:10.3389/fnmol.2022.967174.
4 Pizzino G, Irrera N, Cucinotta M, iyo al. Cadaadiska Oxidative: waxyeellooyinka iyo faa'iidooyinka caafimaadka aadanaha. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2017;2017:8416763. doi:10.1155/2017/8416763.
5 Pro Publica. (2021, Noofambar 2). Wasakhowga hawadu ma sababi karaa kansar? Waxa aad u baahan tahay inaad ka ogaato Khatarta. Pro Publicahttps://www.propublica.org/article/can-air-pollution-cause-cancer-risks.
6 Heerarka sare ee wasakhowga hawada qaybsan ee la xidhiidha korodhka (2023, Sebtembar 12). Machadyada Caafimaadka Qaranka (NIH).https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/high-levels-particulate-air-pollution-associated-increased-breast-cancer-incidence.
7 He F, Yanosky JD, Fernandez-Mendoza J, iyo al. Saamaynta Ba'an ee Wasakhowga Hawada Fiican ee Qaydhka Fiican ee Wadnaha Wadnaha ee Tusaalaha Ku-saleysan Dadweynaha ee Dhallinyarada: Kooxda Penn State Child Cohort. Jour of Amer Heart Assoc. 2017 Jul 27.;11:e026370. doi:10.1161/JAHA.122.026370.
8 Kansarka iyo wasakhowga hawada. (nd). Ururka Caalamiga ah ee Xakamaynta Kansarka.https://www.uicc.org/what-we-do/thematic-areas/cancer-and-air-pollution.
9 Dib-u-eegistii ugu dambaysay ee Heerarka Tayada Hawada Qaranka ee Ambient ee Arrin Gaar ah (PM). (2024, Febraayo 7). US EPA.https://www.epa.gov/pm-pollution/final-reconsideration-national-ambient-air-quality-standards-particulate-matter-pm.
Waqtiga boostada: Meey-10-2024